Mexican Cartels And Its Effects On America - 2374 Words

Since the 1900’s Mexico has been run by several drug cartels, and leaders. These drug cartels have been increasing their territory, murder tolls, and power. The cartels have started to take over the government and Mexico has been becoming known as a lost state. Drug cartels are rising to power because of the lack of government, and structure which also brings fear to all the regular citizens throughout Mexico. Many citizens regularly get murdered for lying to the cartel, informing the authorities about the cartels, or antagonizing the cartels. Although Mexican drug cartels, or drug trafficking organizations, have existed for several decades, their influence has increased since the demise of the Colombian Cali in the 1990s. Mexican drug cartels now dominate the wholesale illicit drug market and in 2007 controlled 90% of the cocaine entering the United States. Arrests of key cartel leaders, has led to increasing drug violence as cartels fight for control of the trafficking rout es into the United States. As violence levels rise so do tension levels. Mexico has always been involved in illegal drug smuggling since the beginning. In the 1980’s Mexico started off aiding the Colombian organizations in smuggling cocaine into the U.S. Mexico continued to work for the Colombian organizations, and were paid in cash as well as percentages for some of the cocaine. The Organizations in Mexico soon became very independent, and powerful enough to begin their own organizations. Many newShow MoreRelatedMexican Cartels And Its Effects On America2267 Words   |  10 PagesThe Mexican cartels have impacted the society by violating many rights that human have and that are protected. The Cartels are causing too much trouble to the world especially in Mexico and its neighboring countries. They have trafficking tons and tons of drugs to world and spread its violence to nation that live in peace. The cartels have been operating for while and keep growing becoming more powerful each day and nothing has stopped them yet. The Mexican cartels have constructed their empiresRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels And Its Effects On America1445 Words   |  6 Pages At first, Mexican drug cartels were structured just like family owned businesses. There would be a family member who was the main drug lord and cousins and uncles of the family would be the body guards and drug dealers. After the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) lost their power within the Mexican government the structure of drug cartels became much more complex. A hierarchical diffusion is seen within the drug cartel system because the drugs spread from one important drug lord to anotherRead MoreMexican Drug War Outline816 Words   |  4 PagesWorks Cited Carpenter, Ted. Undermining Mexico’s Dangerous Drug Cartels. Cato Institute. N.p.. Web. 23 Jul 2013. lt;http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/undermining-mexicos-dangerous-drug-cartelsgt;. Al-Eryani, Ausan. Mexico’s drug war effects US as well. Collegiate Times. Virginia Tech. Web. 23 Jul 2013. lt;http://www.collegiatetimes.com/stories/18328/mexicos-drug-war-effects-us-as-well/p2gt;. Grillo, Ioan. US troops aid Mexico in drug war. Global Post. NRead MoreThe Mexican Cartel Is A Ruthless Crime Origination1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican cartel is a ruthless crime origination. It controls Mexico through bribes and fear. There are many factions of the cartel, and they are at constant war with one another. They war over many reasons from drugs to human trafficking. These battles often spill out into the streets causing the loose of many innocent lives. The cartel has a strangle hold on the Mexican people. The cartels operate much like other organized crime groups. Like the Mafia there are many factions. Each factionRead MoreThe Mexican Drug War and Its Consequences1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican Drug War and Its Consequences Despite President Felipe Calderon’s good intentions and determination to eliminate the drug cartels in Mexico, the Mexican government has not been able to stop the drug cartel’s operations (smuggling drugs, people and weapons to and from the USA) for many reasons. The drug cartels have proven to be powerful, well connected politically, well trained, well- armed, and manipulation of the masses. Therefore, it has been impossible for the MexicanRead MoreThe Major Economic Problems That Have Plagued Latin America1497 Words   |  6 Pages1. What are the major economic problems that have plagued Latin America in the 20th century? During the 20th century Latin America went through a change after the U.S made the clam to directly defend Latin America. This caused a sudden trade switch from the Europe nation to the U.S. With this trade switch we start to see a big gap between the lower and upper class. With this gap the poor gets poorer and the rich become Carlos Slim. Carlos Slim was the world’s richest person form 2010-2013 and isRead MoreAnalyzing Political Corruption And Its Effects On The Mexican Economy1623 Words   |  7 Pages Analyzing Political Corruption and its Effects on the Mexican Economy Gyadisha Sulvaran Palm Beach State College Macroeconomics Warren Smith 4th of April 2014 â€Æ' Abstract For macroeconomics, we were given an assignment to examine and analyze the causes of the business cycle in foreign economies. We were divided into groups of 6 and were given the instructions to randomly select a continent. Our continent was North America. We had to choose between Canada and Mexico. The reason why we decidedRead MoreDrug Trafficking1134 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing fought daily. There are many aspects of the drug war from Mexico and other Latin American states which have effects on United States policy as well as policies from other countries that participate in the global suppression of illegal drugs. It can be hard to differentiate between conflict and issue in regards to Latin America’s drug war and International Relations. The Mexican drug war is a global issue because it interferes with the states ability to collaborate and form policy in orderRead MoreEssay on Mexican/Latin American â€Å"War† on Drugs and Trafficking1122 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing fought daily. There are many aspects of the drug war from Mexico and other Latin American states which have effects on United States policy as well as policies from other countries that participate in the global suppression of illegal drugs. It can be hard to differentiate between conflict and issue in regards to Latin America’s drug war and International Relations. The Mexican drug war is a global issue because it interferes with the states ability to collaborate and form policy in order toRead More Mexican Cartel Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesMexican Cartel Drug War Mexico has a long history of cartels the deaths, drugs and weapon trafficking is in all time high increasing year by year. â€Å"Mexicos gangs have flourished since the late 19th century, mostly in the north due to their proximity to towns along the U.S.-Mexico border. But it was the American appetite for cocaine in the 1970s that gave Mexican drug cartels immense power to manufacture and transport drugs across the border. Early Mexican gangs were primarily situated in border

Care Support Free Essays

Assisting skills The role of the heath care assistant in maintaining a safe and hygienic environment for client. Comprehensive description of clients needs. My client is 77 year old man with diabetes. We will write a custom essay sample on Care Support or any similar topic only for you Order Now He lives with his wife. My client is weak and depressed. He smokes cigarretes knowing that he is not allowed, he dont go out and the man is always grumpy. I dont know to much about him cause he never really talks but watch TV. He doesn’t have a children but his wife looks after him. My task is to assist him with the shower, get ready all his toiletries beforehand, help him to leave his walker outside the door, make sure his feet is looked after well, make sure he wears a fresh, clean clothes every time after his shower. Accurate identification of assistance required. As my client has reduced vision and weakness I help him with his morning shower. My task is to make sure he is safely washed, I observe everything corectly and report everything in the book for the nurse. My client use elderly walker with seat so everywhere he walks he is safe to sit down and rest for while even if it’s only short distance in the house. In the bathroom he sits on the chair and there is non slip bathroom mat as well. He has a very tick glasses because of his reduced vision. Gentleman has to take injections every day which gives him his wife. When I visit my client I make sure my hands are washed and I wear disposable apron and glows. I take my client to the bathroom which is nice and warm. He walks with his walker till there. I make sure all things out of his way so he don’t bump into something hard cause he might not feel the pain that can worn him to a serious injury. In the bathroom my client first brush his teeth. For man hygiene I check if his toothbrush is changed every three months and he has a soft one cause hard one toothbrush can tear gum tissue which might bring to infection. For the man safety I make sure that shower is warm not hot cause that could dry out his skin which is not safe for diabetic. I use mild hower gel If there is any scratches on my client’s skin I use soft soap and water to wash it off not alcohol or antiseptic hygiene creams. After his shower I put moisturising cream on my client’s skin. â€Å"People with diabetes are more susceptible to foot problem but spending some time carying of their feet on regular basis can help keep them healthy (G. Gardner, Dolores 2011)†. I keep my client’s feet clean every da y. I wash it daily with soft flannel and mild soap. I dont leave the man in shower too long cause too long soaking in the water only causes skin dry out more. I use soft towel to completely dry his feet remembering to dry between each and everyone of his toes. I never use moisturiser between his toes. I put lotion only on the tops and bottoms of his feet. For my clients hygiene he wears every day clean socks, mostly 80% catton or wool which helps to absorb sweat and feet can breath. I always talk true everything I do so my client is in understanding about everything. The client has been complaining about asthma so I have forwarded this to the nurse and she has arranged doctor appointment for my client. Clear recommendations on effective course of action to better meet client’s needs. My client is very grumpy man and he always say he dont want to do anything and he dont need anything. In the mean time he tries to do as much as he can himself. In the shower I wash his back and I look after his feet cause he cant lean down. All I can respect his with to do everything as quick as I can and get him out from shower as soon as I can. I always listen the gentleman cough as he is smoker and its unaccepted for a diabetic. I remind him that he should stop smoking. When he brush his teeth I have a look in the sink in case he has been spitting out blood to make sure his mouth hygiene is right. I observe his skin while shower is there any red spots, swolling, scratches. I pay big attention on my clients feet, I look for blisters, cuts, scratches, calluses, corns, ingrowing toe nails or signs of infection. Also I look for white, moist, wrinkly skin especially between toes. If there is any hot spots it could be underlying infection or inflamation. I would report this to the nurse strait away. I always cover my client with clothes as soon as he is out his shower respecting his ignity. I’m glad when my client tries to do as much as he can himself and always courage him to stay that way cause that keeps his self esteem. I always repect his privacy closing all blinds before shower. As my client is shy in front to me I respect his privacy and wash him quick but properly in the mean time. I always ask him does he has noticed any changes in his bod y since we last met. Evidence as reflection as a result on work experience. After my research I discovered that very important is to look after my clients feet if he is diabetic. Cant miss out one bit. I learned that diabetics has much more than only low sugar levels and there is few types of diabetes. After my discovery about this illness I care about client with much more attention on smaller details which I would not know before. Trying to be a better healthcare assistant I have to develop my ability to let my client to make decisions and choice because its too easy to take care too much and take control not noticing that I take away my clients independence and self-woth. I have to promote independence as much as I can. Other quality is smile. It’s so important to dont get sad face just looking at the client. If client is grumpy carer need strenght to dont get the same. Sometimes its difficult cause I know I go to my client with best intention but seems client doesn’t appriciate. That’s where is need to learn to be strong and still smile and hope that my smile will make my client positive. References. Shoback edited by David G. Gardner, Dolores 2011, Greensparks basics ; clinical endocrinology (9th ed). New York McGrawhill Medical ppChapter 17. How to cite Care Support, Essay examples

Marketing and Competitive Environment University of Melbourne

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Competitive Environment University of Melbourne. Answer: Introduction The following report includes an analysis of the environment in which University of Melbourne undertakes its marketing efforts. An analysis of the marketing mix offered by the university, along with a PESTLE and SWOT analysis has been undertaken. It is also discussed how the university has positioned its brand and how one of its competitors is working. Analysis of marketing and competitive environment of University of Melbourne Australia is a developed country. Successive governments over the years have been taking steps to promote education in the nation. In Australia education is made compulsory at the age of five or six. There are primary schools in Australia and also those providing secondary education. Then there are universities providing higher education also called tertiary education. According to 2017 data, there are more than one million students enrolled in Australian universities, a large number of them are foreign students. These universities employ more than one hundred thousand people as staff members (Universities Australia, 2017). Australias largest service export is international education. Universities contribute to local communities by providing employment opportunities and growth of infrastructure in different areas. They also collaborate with industry and fruitful research takes place through the university research students. There are so many enrolments in universities because of the impetus given to the school education in Australia. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, in 2016 there were 3,798,226 students enrolled in schools across Australia, representing an increase of 47,253 (1.3%) on the previous years figure. The above figures show that demand for education in Australia is increasing. More enrolments at the school level transform into more admissions in the universities. The number of foreign students in the Australian universities is also on the rise as shown by the following figures (Australian Trade And Investment Commission, 2017): University of Melbourne is one of the leading universities of Australia. There is lot of competition among the universities in the country to attract students. There are many universities in Australia which are doing very well. There are top universities like Australian National University set by the Parliament. Then there are private universities like University of Sydney and University of New South Wales. There are seven Australian universities among the top hundred global universities. There are further ten Australian universities in top three hundred (Topuniversities.com, 2017). Australian government supports these universities through policies, funding and programs. But not all of the universities get government funding. University of Melbourne is able to attract sufficient number of students but there are many universities which are not of the same quality and are not able to attract sufficient students and make losses (Amsler and Bolsmann, 2012). Marketing mix of University of Melbourne One of the important reasons why University of Melbourne is doing good is the kind of marketing mix the university offers to the students, research scholars and the industry. Each of the seven components of the marketing mix of the university is discussed below: Product: University of Melbourne offers a wide range of undergraduate degrees like bachelors in arts, agriculture, commerce, design, biomedicine, music, science, environment and oral health (The University of Melbourne, 2017). Students are therefore offered a wide variety of courses. They can decide which career they can prepare for. There are great number of students who would like to pursue music also. Then there are many who are interested in more courses which can ensure stable employment like commerce or oral health course. Not all the universities have the capability to offer such a wide variety of courses. No doubt, the students are impressed. Then there are also graduate schools in the university campus like Melbourne business school, Melbourne dental school, Melbourne school of design, Melbourne school of engineering and Melbourne medical school. This shows that the university has learned professors and also the infrastructure needed to teach subjects like medicine and engineering. This gives the impression that the scale of operations of the university is quite high. Price: The price of education in Australia is high. Different universities charge high fees as the cost of education is also higher. Buildings have to be constructed and facilities have to be maintained especially in subjects like engineering and medicine where laboratories are needed for the students to conduct experiments. Equipment has to be provided and classrooms have to maintained upto a certain standard. Australia is a developed country and facilities commensurate with the living standards of the people have to be provided. Good professors also demand higher salaries. University of Melbourne has kept its standards high and the fees are also on the higher side (Armstrong et al., 2014). Physical distribution: The education is given in seven campus locations across Melbourne and rural Victoria, including the Parkville campus. The reputation and standards of the university make students from all over Australia and abroad come to the university for their educational and research needs. Promotion: The university has a website which can be accessed from all over the world. The website gives vital information about the university courses and facilities. Moreover anybody is allowed to walk to the campus and take a self guided or guided tour (The University of Melbourne, 2017). There are handbooks containing information about the different courses run by the university which people can buy. The staff of the university at the campus helps the visitors with other information. Process: The process for admission into courses is also very sophisticated. The handbook for different courses contains information regarding when the course starts along with the number of classes one has to attend and the examination. The fee for the course is deposited and after certain formalities the student is enrolled and can start studying. People and environment: There are students, professors and the administrative staff on the campus who are all educated. The campus is big with libraries, sports clubs and student clubs. There are student activities in a calm and serene environment. There is discipline maintained on the campus. There are also some visiting scholars from abroad along with some foreign students in the classrooms (The University of Melbourne, 2017). PESTLE Analysis The university operates in Australia under certain environment. There are certain political, social, economic, legal and technological factors in the environment which affect the working of the university. Political: Australia is peaceful country. The law and order machinery in the country is well developed. There is political stability. This is one of the reasons why so many students from abroad come to study in Australian universities. The government supports the spread of education in the country which is necessary for its survival and growth. Economic: The Australian economy is doing well and the economy is services based. The country has trading relations in the Asia Pacific region and also with Europe and America. Students from Asia come to study in Australia despite rising value of Australian dollar (Volet and Ang, 2012). The education sector of the country faces competition from countries like United Kingdom which have now satellite campuses in Asia and Middle eastern countries for imparting education. Social: Australian people realize the importance of education in their lives and they want higher education for their children. They have understood that higher education leads to better jobs especially in the services sector. Most of the Australians have no problem with the foreigners studying in Australia as it also results in increase in their incomes (Volet and Ang, 2012). Legal: The Australian government makes policies which guide the operations of different universities. According to the current policies any university can enrol as many students for different courses it runs so long as the quality of education is maintained. Technological: Australia is an industrialized country and modern technology is being used in different ways also in the education sector. Now there are computers and internet facilities in most of the universities. Lot of facilities are available for students online. They are given various information on the university website (Chaffey and Chadwick, 2015). The students are also provided online study materials and lectures. Segmentation and brand positioning University of Melbourne aims that the best students of Australia come to the university for their studies. Moreover the university attracts a large number of students from the Asia Pacific region. The university has been ranked the number one university in Australia. It has a high brand value (Keller, 2012). It is a prestigious university. It is projected as a university with world class facilities and employees. Therefore the students should be ready to pay good fees if they want to study in this university. Students who get admission into the university can study in the company of brightest students in the country and learn from exceptional professors. Analysis of a competitor University of Sydney University of Sydney like University of Melbourne is very old and has a history of more than hundred and fifty years. It has a large campus and offers a large variety of courses to students. University of Sydneys student experience has been voted as the best (The University of Sydney, 2017). It offers various kinds of club facilities for students. In addition, there is a physiotherapist and counsellor also, for students. It has large number of foreign students also. There are student scholarships available. The researchers are offered a number of interesting projects to work for. University of Sydney also aims to enrol brightest students and uses ATAR (Australian Tertiary Admission Rank) for admission. It is a very renowned university with great reputation. SWOT analysis The strengths of University of Melbourne include its long history, infrastructure, qualified and experienced teachers, administrative staff and links with research institutes and industry organizations. The opportunities are that the market for education is growing in Australia. The number of foreign students is on the rise. Its weaknesses include that the fee is on the higher side and students with low marks would find it difficult to get admission into the university (Business Insider, 2017). The threat are that standard of education is rising in Asian countries also. The rising value of Australian dollar against foreign currencies has made studies in Australia costlier. Conclusion Any student would take into consideration many factors before enrolling for a university. These include the finances available with the student, the universitys fees, the infrastructure of the university, the quality of the staff and research projects undertaken by university. Different students would in many cases give different weights to different factors. The ultimate aim of many students is to get a good job after completing the studies at the university. References Amsler, S. And Bolsmann, C. (2012). University ranking as social exclusion,British Journal of Sociology of Education,33(2), 283-301. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01425692.2011.649835 Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. And Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. 6th edn. Australia: Pearson. Australian Trade And Investment Commission (2017). Monthly summary. Retrieved from: https://www.austrade.gov.au/Australian/Education/Education-Data/2016/Summaries-and-news/summaries-and-news Business Insider (2017). The cost of getting a university degree in Australia is about to change: heres what you need to Know. Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/the-cost-of-getting-a-university-degree-in-australia-is-about-to-change-heres-what-you-need-to-know-2014-6 Chaffey, D. And Chadwick, F. (2015). Digital marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. 6th edn. Australia: Pearson. Keller, K. (2012). Strategic brand management. 4th edn. Australia: Pearson. The University of Melbourne (2017). International visitors. Retrieved from : https://about.unimelb.edu.au/campuses-and-facilities The University of Melbourne (2017). Our Undergraduate Degrees. Retrieved from: https://coursesearch.unimelb.edu.au/ The University of Melbourne (2017). Parkville campus tours. Retrieved from: https://about.unimelb.edu.au/campuses-and-facilities The University of Sydney (2017). Campus Life. Retrieved from: https://sydney.edu.au/campus-life.html Topuniversities.com (2017). Top universities in Australia 2015/16. Retrieved from: https://www.topuniversities.com/where-to-study/oceania/australia/top-universities-australia-201516 Universities Australia (2017). Key facts and data. Retrieved from: https://www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au/australias-universities/key-facts-and-data#.WOHumdKGPDd Volet, S. and Ang, G. (2012). Culturally mixed groups on international campuses: an opportunity for inter-cultural learning,Higher Education Research Development,31(1), 21-37. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07294360.2012.642838

Vacations Weather and Beach Essay Example

Vacations: Weather and Beach Essay Vacationing at beach or in mountains Where would you prefer to go on vacations? What is your dream destination for an ideal vacation? All of us like to go on vacation, even if it is somewhere near by our place or even when you just have to stay at home, without doing any work. Who does not like vacations? Vacations become more exciting and interesting when you find a right and good place to spend your leisure time. Most people go on vacations to islands, beaches, mountains or some other country, where they have not been too. The most common place people would prefer going is beach or mountains. In this essay I will compare and contrast three aspects of Jones Beach and Adirondack Mountains. The three aspects are climate, activities and food. Beaches are the fun way to enjoy your vacations. Beaches are the perfect place to relax. It is the combination of azure water, soft shores, warm sun shine and the cool gentle breeze. The first thing that makes the beach an ideal vacation is the climate. I love beach just because of the climate. Climate at the beach is warmer and at the same time, there is cool breeze running through your hair. It is hot on one side and by the time you are in the water, the weather just makes you feel good. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You can smell the saltwater and the fresh air. The climate at the beach makes you feel so calm and takes you away from all the worries of your busy life. If the weather is perfect at the breach, then only you could enjoy your beach vacation. The weather is perfect, you are with your family and friends, the next thing you will do are some fun activities with your loved ones. As you all know, beach is not limited to a specific space or area, it stretches out so long. You could play many games, when you are out on a vacation, to a beach, with your friends or family. Some of the games that can be played on the beach are beach volleyball. If you are fan of water rides, we could also do water skiing. Another classic game, which could be played on the beach, is Frisbee. Some people do not like doing any activities, so people go into the water and relish themselves with the beach water and also make sand castles. After enjoying the climate, playing in the water and cherishing the games, you get hungry. So the last aspect of beach vacation is Food. No matter how much tired are you, food makes you happy and energetic again. When you are on beach, there is some certain food, which is available at the beach or nearby surroundings. The first food item you will see is Lobsters, crabs cakes, much kind of fish. Foods at this kind of places are generally tropics. You will find cocktails, mock tails and many other tropical drinks. These three aspects make your beach vacations quite remember able. Other ideal vacation spot that people love to visit is Mountains. People, who are very busy in their life working and keeping themselves into the computers 247, love to go on vacation to the mountains. This is so because, people in the cities cannot enjoy being close t nature, so they chose the place, where they can be close to nature and enjoy the natural beauty. Vacations in the mountains could be very pleasant and relaxing. You are away from the city’s hype and can relish the beauty of the mountains. Firstly, talking about the climate in the mountains. Climate in these kinds of places are generally cold; but if you visit the mountains during fall, the climate is perfect for the mountain vacations. We could enjoy our vacations, before the winter starts. But, climate in the mountains changes very dramatically. Once the temperature is good and the other time, it is so chilled. Vacations on the mountains could be fun, if you visit during the right climate. As the climate is good, you could enjoy many mountain activities. Some of the activities that could be done on your vacation are mountain climbing, mountain biking or cycling, watersports that are near the mountains and many other activities too. These activities are dangerous, but at the same time, they are fun to do too. Last aspect of mountain vacations is food. Generally food in the mountains is as usual food we eat every day. Eating food in nature and in that atmosphere just makes the simple food, even tastier. We talked about two famous vacations spots that people would love to go on vacations. Beach has its own charm, with water and sand all around. While, when you are in mountains, you feel really close to the nature. Both the places are ideal spots for vacations. Vacations is not only just about going out to some place, but the real meaning of the vacations is relaxing you and making yourself feel special. There are many other vacation spots but these two vacation spots makes you feel close to the nature. Beach and mountains are two things that can make everyone happy, even if its kids or adult or aged person. Vacations Weather and Beach Essay Example Vacations: Weather and Beach Essay Vacationing at beach or in mountains Where would you prefer to go on vacations? What is your dream destination for an ideal vacation? All of us like to go on vacation, even if it is somewhere near by our place or even when you just have to stay at home, without doing any work. Who does not like vacations? Vacations become more exciting and interesting when you find a right and good place to spend your leisure time. Most people go on vacations to islands, beaches, mountains or some other country, where they have not been too. The most common place people would prefer going is beach or mountains. In this essay I will compare and contrast three aspects of Jones Beach and Adirondack Mountains. The three aspects are climate, activities and food. Beaches are the fun way to enjoy your vacations. Beaches are the perfect place to relax. It is the combination of azure water, soft shores, warm sun shine and the cool gentle breeze. The first thing that makes the beach an ideal vacation is the climate. I love beach just because of the climate. Climate at the beach is warmer and at the same time, there is cool breeze running through your hair. It is hot on one side and by the time you are in the water, the weather just makes you feel good. We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Vacations: Weather and Beach specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You can smell the saltwater and the fresh air. The climate at the beach makes you feel so calm and takes you away from all the worries of your busy life. If the weather is perfect at the breach, then only you could enjoy your beach vacation. The weather is perfect, you are with your family and friends, the next thing you will do are some fun activities with your loved ones. As you all know, beach is not limited to a specific space or area, it stretches out so long. You could play many games, when you are out on a vacation, to a beach, with your friends or family. Some of the games that can be played on the beach are beach volleyball. If you are fan of water rides, we could also do water skiing. Another classic game, which could be played on the beach, is Frisbee. Some people do not like doing any activities, so people go into the water and relish themselves with the beach water and also make sand castles. After enjoying the climate, playing in the water and cherishing the games, you get hungry. So the last aspect of beach vacation is Food. No matter how much tired are you, food makes you happy and energetic again. When you are on beach, there is some certain food, which is available at the beach or nearby surroundings. The first food item you will see is Lobsters, crabs cakes, much kind of fish. Foods at this kind of places are generally tropics. You will find cocktails, mock tails and many other tropical drinks. These three aspects make your beach vacations quite remember able. Other ideal vacation spot that people love to visit is Mountains. People, who are very busy in their life working and keeping themselves into the computers 247, love to go on vacation to the mountains. This is so because, people in the cities cannot enjoy being close t nature, so they chose the place, where they can be close to nature and enjoy the natural beauty. Vacations in the mountains could be very pleasant and relaxing. You are away from the city’s hype and can relish the beauty of the mountains. Firstly, talking about the climate in the mountains. Climate in these kinds of places are generally cold; but if you visit the mountains during fall, the climate is perfect for the mountain vacations. We could enjoy our vacations, before the winter starts. But, climate in the mountains changes very dramatically. Once the temperature is good and the other time, it is so chilled. Vacations on the mountains could be fun, if you visit during the right climate. As the climate is good, you could enjoy many mountain activities. Some of the activities that could be done on your vacation are mountain climbing, mountain biking or cycling, watersports that are near the mountains and many other activities too. These activities are dangerous, but at the same time, they are fun to do too. Last aspect of mountain vacations is food. Generally food in the mountains is as usual food we eat every day. Eating food in nature and in that atmosphere just makes the simple food, even tastier. We talked about two famous vacations spots that people would love to go on vacations. Beach has its own charm, with water and sand all around. While, when you are in mountains, you feel really close to the nature. Both the places are ideal spots for vacations. Vacations is not only just about going out to some place, but the real meaning of the vacations is relaxing you and making yourself feel special. There are many other vacation spots but these two vacation spots makes you feel close to the nature. Beach and mountains are two things that can make everyone happy, even if its kids or adult or aged person.

The Battle of Yellow Tavern - Civil War

The Battle of Yellow Tavern - Civil War The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought May 11, 1864, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). In March 1864, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Major General Ulysses S. Grant to lieutenant general and gave him overall command of Union forces. Coming east, he took the field with Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac and commenced planning a campaign to destroy General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Working with Meade to reorganize the Army of the Potomac, Grant brought Major General Philip H. Sheridan east to head the armys Cavalry Corps. Though short in stature, Sheridan was known as a skilled and aggressive commander. Moving south in early May, Grant engaged Lee at the Battle of the Wilderness. Inconclusive, Grant shifted south and continued the fight at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. During the early days of the campaign, Sheridans troopers were largely employed in the traditional cavalry roles of screening and reconnaissance. Frustrated by these limited uses, Sheridan bickered with Meade and argued to be allowed to mount a large-scale raid against the enemy rear and Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuarts cavalry. Pressing his case with Grant, Sheridan received permission to take his corps south despite some misgivings from Meade. Departing on May 9, Sheridan moved south with orders to defeat Stuart, disrupt Lees supply lines, and threaten Richmond. The largest cavalry force assembled in the East, his command numbered around 10,000 and was supported by 32 guns. Reaching the Confederate supply base at Beaver Dam Station that evening, Sheridans men found that the much of the material there had been destroyed or evacuated. Paused overnight, they commenced disabling parts of the Virginia Central Railroad and freeing 400 Union prisoners before pressing south. Armies Commanders: Union Major General Philip H. Sheridan10,000 men Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart4,500 men Stuart Responds Alerted to the Union movements, Stuart detached Major General Fitzhugh Lees cavalry division from Lees army at Spotsylvania and led it south to hamper Sheridans movements. Arriving near Beaver Dam Station too late to take action, he pushed his tired men through the night of May 10/11 to reach the intersection of Telegraph and Mountain Roads near an abandoned inn known as Yellow Tavern. Possessing around 4,500 men, he established a defensive position with Brigadier General Williams Wickhams brigade on the right west of the Telegraph Road facing south and Brigadier General Lunsford Lomaxs brigade on the left parallel to the road and facing west. Around 11:00 AM, less than an hour after establishing these lines, the lead elements of Sheridans corps appeared (Map). A Desperate Defense Led by Brigadier General Wesley Merritt, these forces quickly formed to strike Stuarts left. Consisting of the brigades of Brigadier General George A. Custer and Colonels Thomas Devin and Alfred Gibbs, Merritts division quickly advanced and engaged Lomaxs men. Pressing forward, troopers on the Union left suffered from flanking fire from Wickhams brigade. As the fighting increased in intensity, Merritts men began to slip around Lomaxs left flank. With his position in jeopardy, Lomax ordered his men to retreat north. Met by Stuart, the brigade was reformed on Wickhams left and extended the Confederate line east by 2:00 PM. A two-hour lull in the fighting ensued as Sheridan brought up reinforcements and reconnoitered the new Confederate position. Spying artillery in Stuarts lines, Sheridan directed Custer to attack and seize the guns. To accomplish this, Custer dismounted half of his men for an assault and ordered the remainder to conduct a wide sweep to the right in support. These efforts would be aided by the rest of Sheridans command. Moving forward, Custers men came under fire from Stuarts guns but continued their advance. Breaking through Lomaxs lines, Custers troopers drove on the Confederate left. With the situation desperate, Stuart pulled the 1st Virginia Cavalry from Wickhams lines and charged forward to counterattack. Blunting Custers assault, he then pushed the Union troopers back. As Union forces withdrew, former sharpshooter Private John A. Huff of the 5th Michigan Cavalry fired his pistol at Stuart. Hitting the Stuart in the side, the Confederate leader slumped in his saddle as his famous plumed hat fell to the ground. Taken to the rear, command on the field passed to Fitzhugh Lee. As the wounded Stuart departed the field, Lee attempted to restore order to the Confederate lines. Outnumbered and overpowered, he briefly held back Sheridans men before retreating from the field. Taken to the Richmond home of his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles Brewer, Stuart received a visit from President Jefferson Davis before slipping into a delirium and dying the next day. The loss of the flamboyant Stuart caused great sadness in the Confederacy and greatly pained Robert E. Lee. Aftermath: of the Battle In the fighting at the Battle of Yellow Tavern, Sheridan sustained 625 casualties while Confederate losses are estimated at around 175 as well as 300 captured. Having upheld his pledge to defeat Stuart, Sheridan continued south after the battle and reached the northern defenses of Richmond that evening. Assessing the weakness of the lines around the Confederate capital, he concluded that though he could probably take the city, he lacked the resources to hold it. Instead, Sheridan wheeled his command east and crossed the Chickahominy River before proceeding to unite with Major General Benjamin Butlers forces at Haxalls Landing. Resting and refitting for four days, the Union cavalry then rode north to rejoin the Army of the Potomac. Sources Encyclopedia Virginia: Battle of Yellow TavernCWSAC: Battle of Yellow TavernHistoryNet: Battle of Yellow Tavern

Arguing The Ethics Of Abortion Philosophy Essay

Arguing The Ethics Of Abortion Philosophy Essay According to Don Marquis, the majority of abortions are seriously immoral and should fall under the same moral category as killing innocent human adults. His central argument revolves around the idea that it is prima facie wrong to kill adult humans because doing so results in the victim’s loss of the value of its future. He concludes that it is therefore prima facie wrong to kill fetuses because it also results in a loss of a valuable â€Å"future life like ours.† However, Judith Thompson and Margaret Little are able to provide more reasonable arguments for what should be considered the most important factor in deciding how to deal with abortion. They may be more open-minded to abortion but do not feel as though abortion should always be permissible. After considering each argument, I have found that a woman’s right to have an abortion is determined by each situation and is simply a choice-which should not be taken lightly-that should be made solely by a pregna nt woman. Marquis simply fails to recognize that a woman has rights that can make abortion morally permissible upon declining to continue the extremely intimate period of gestation. Unlike Marquis, I believe abortion is not impermissible yet not always permissible either. Upon thorough inspection, I have found some flaws in Marquis’ argument. Marquis tries to argue that â€Å"personhood† is not the moral category in question with regards to the moral permissibility of abortion. But he claims that someone (the fetus) has a future like ours and therefore should not be deprived of such future. If personhood is irrelevant, then it is unclear that there actually is someone (a person) who can be deprived of such things. At one point Marquis even says that morally permissible abortions would be rare under his argument-unless they occurred early enough in pregnancy when a fetus is not yet a definite â€Å"individual.† So, is personhood important to him or not? What does he mean by â€Å"individual†? Further complications ensue from his argument. In addition to assuming that a fetus is not a person yet still has a right to life because with their death comes a deprivation of a future like ours, people who use Marquis’ argument could then argue that it is wrong to â€Å"kill† fertilized, but not yet implanted, eggs. Is it then wrong to use contraceptives because possible egg and sperm pairs (zygotes) are prevented from having a future like ours? Marquis says that the immorality of contraception cannot be argued for with his â€Å"future-like-ours† analysis because there is no identifiable subject that can suffer this loss. However, neither the potential person (fetus with a future-like-ours) or the possible person (zygote prevented by contraception) actually exist. Because of this, it becomes difficult to understand how a potential person can be a subject of harm anymore than a possible person can. Therefore, the question of existence is being asked here because it seems as if potential persons (and their futures alike) are only possible things, not actual existing things. If this is so, then is there really a subject of harm?

Principles of Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of Business - Assignment Example The result might have been conflicts of interest that had negative effects on the financial health of the company. According to the company’s federal tax returns, financial dealings with companies that were owned by board members cost UPMC $10 million. $5 million worth of transactions between businesses connected to the board members were reported in the tax records (Roche Jr., 2010). In reviewing the financial activity, the concept of corporate governance becomes relevant. It is defined as the standards which are deemed as appropriate in the running of the company. Because the management of UPMC engaged in cozy business deals with insiders, costing the company $10 million, it clearly was not recommended by the corporate governance system. The concept of fair market value is also relevant. Because the transactions were affected by the board members’ relationships as reported by the press, the financial activity might not have been conducted at fair market value. A finan cial transaction is conducted at fair market value when the transaction happens at the rate that is set by the market mechanism. Because UPMC awarded contracts to the board members’ companies at favored rates, it cost the company $10 million, resulting in $489 million losses in 2009.

The Original Concept of the NHS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Original Concept of the NHS - Essay Example Also, the determinants of health will be included, i.e. age, sex, and other factors. Here the overall success of NHS will also be discussed. NHS Core Principles: As explained earlier, NHS was developed based on three core principles: a) To develop and provide health care across the UK at the same standards. b) Provide a comprehensive service covering all the health care needs c) Provide equal service to all and provide free service at point of delivery. Here the aim was to focus on the needs and not the ability of the customers to pay. As an attempt to bring about a uniform approach within the country, the organisation was focused on removing the system of mixed social insurances and went on to ensure that unlike previous years the old people, women and also children have complete coverage and their medical needs are equally tended to. This helped the organisation also cut the costs and helped in effective and efficient integration of the new medical systems approach within the count ry. Health: As defined by WHO, â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (WHO, 2003). Health is a major factor for all across the world. NHS has clearly realised this and has develop its statement, â€Å"Your Health, You Choices† (NHS Choices, 2011). ... In most cases the absence of diseases clearly indicates a healthy living. In the case of the biomedical model, here the focus is more on reports and vital signs like the pulse, blood pressure, and other such elements. However in the biopsychosoical model, the focus is more based on the above mentioned elements. Here the doctor focus on the psychological wellbeing of the individuals as well as stress related issues before putting the individual on to medical plans. The second method focuses on the methods that can help the individual improve their health by means of changes in behaviour and lifestyle. An excellent example here to differentiate among the two models of health is described below. In the case of a biomedical model, if a patient comes in with a chest pain, the doctors focus on the medical tests, vitals, and mainly the cause of the disease. Here the patient will be questioned for possible symptoms of myocardial infraction. However if the hospital follows a Biopsychosocial m odel, then the patient will be firstly questioned in terms of the psychological factors like possible stress, and also behavior. The decision of the possible issue will be based on the psychological factors as well as the standard tests from the labs. Main Determinants of Health: The WHO has developed three main areas that are the determinants of health. These include the social or economic environment, physical environment and the individual’s characteristics and behaviours. It is important to note here that factors like the income and social status has a major impact on the health of the individuals (Health Impact Assessment (HIA), 2011). Also lower levels of education has also been found to be a major reason for poor health and higher levels of stress and low self

British Colonization Essay Example for Free

British Colonization Essay Europe expansion to India began in 18th century had great changes in various field such as economics politic, society, culture and so on. Especially, after British imperialism which became a ruler of India had great effect on India. As a result, there are many essential changes in language and customs in India and even thought they gained independence from British rule 200 years ago, the influence on the British colonial era has still remained in many ways. One of the most factors that the British lunched the colonization of India was the establishment of the East India Company. Throughout the 16th century to early 17th century, the demand for spices in Europe had continued to increase. At early 1600s, the Portuguese were the only European country which imported spices from the East. They dominated the spice trade with Asia because Vasco da Gama was the first European to arrive in India. Having arrived in Calicut he obtained from Saamoothiri Rajah permission to trade in the city. However the Dutch ousted the Portuguese from East and became the exclusive supplier of spices to Europe. British traders frequently engaged in hostilities with their Dutch and Portuguese counterparts in the Indian Ocean The East India Company had the unusual distinction of ruling an entire country. In 1600, the East India Company was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I for trade with Asia. They decided to head on to India for trade because at this time Portugal that had powerful trade with East Asia was losing control of East Asian Spice trade transformed by the European Age of Discovery. However, the East India Company had to confront and deal with the Dutch to increase the trade. At that point, The Dutch East India Company was a peak in 1669. They employed around 10000 soldiers, 40 warships and 150 merchant ships. and had a good position trading with Asia by reason of good ship captains, merchants, banker and financiers. Therefore, it was important for England to be done about the Dutch to increase trade. According to The East India Company Lobby, Charles ? ’ sought favorable terms for the East India Company in European nation and established the Council of Trade of 1660 to deal with their grievances. Parliament also helped the merchants. In 1663 it sanctioned exports of bullion and foreign currency for the first time. It tried to restrict Dutch commercial superiority in the fishing, spice, and wool trades. In short, the effort of the British government to help the Company against the Dutch provided benefits for many English traders. So they began to send ships to the Spice trade with India. In addition, the East India Company was comparatively easy to expand in India because of the decline of Mughal power. In that time, the Mughal Empire was an lslamic imperial power in Indian subcontinent which began in 1526. They were descendants of the Timurids and controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent. In 1612, The British got a major victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally. And the East India Company decided to explore the feasibility of gaining a territorial foothold in mainland in India and requested the Crown to launch a diplomatic. In 1627, the Mughal Emperor Jahangir granted the India Company permission to build a fortified factory at the principal Mughal port of Surat. However, the factory at Bombay became the headquarters of the Company. Eventually the region was divided into the three presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. In consequence, they were still responsible to the Court of Directors in London and the East India Company garnered huge profits generated by a system of triangular trade that saw English gold and silver coins traded for Indian goods. It is not much say that British rule in India was originated from having begun in 1757. On June 23rd of that year, at the Battle of Plassey, a small village and mango grove between Calcutta and Murshidabad, the forces of the East India Company under Robert Clive defeated the army of Siraj-ud-daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. The battle lasted no more than a few hours, and indeed the outcome of the battle had been decided long before the soldiers came to the battlefield. The battle of plassey is said to be one of the pivotal battles leading to the formation of the British in South Asia. The British gained the enormous wealth from the Bengal treasury, and access to a massive source of foodgrains and taxes. It also allowed them to significantly strengthen its military might, and opened the way for British colonial rule, mass economic exploitation and cultural domination in nearly all of South Asia. In 1757, by reason of the victory at Plassey, where a military force led by Robert Clive defeated the forces of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulah, the East India Company had varied to be transformed from an association of traders to rulers exercising political sovereignty over a largely unknown land and people. So the Parliament of Great Britain imposed a series of administrative and economic reforms and by doing so clearly found its sovereignty and ultimate control over the Company. During this time, it ame into conflict with the Marathas, the British and the Nizam of Golconda which culminated in the four Anglo-Mysore wars. In 1779, Haider Ali had token parts of modern Tamil Nadu and Kerala in the south, enlarging the Kingdom’s area to about 205. 000km. In 1779, Haider Ali invaded Karnataka with 80. 000 army, descending through the passes of the Ghats amid burning villages, before laying siege to British forts in northern Arcot starting the Second Anglo-Mysore War. That was to say that they did damage to the British but he died after 2 years his son Tipu Sultan succeed to the throne. Haider Ali’s successor, Tipu Sultan, kept to fight the war so the following year, he took many British army and officers dispatched from Bombay. As a result, the treaty of Mangalore was signed in 1784 bringing hostilities with the British to a temporary and uneasy halt and restored the other’s lands to the status quo ante bellum. The East India Company could gain control of all India by the aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings without the Punjab, Sindh and Nepal. Also Indian Princes had become barons of the East India Company. However there were finances to the breaking point in the Company comparing with the expense of wars leading to the total control of India. The Company was extorted to petition Parliament of assistance. Certain Indian social or religious practices that the British found to be abhorrent were outlawed, such as aati in 1829, and an ethic of improvement was said to dictate British social policies. In the 1840s and 1850s, under the governal-generalship of Dalhousie and then Canning, more territories were absorbed into British India, either on the grounds that the native rulers were corrupt. , inept, and notoriously indifferent about the welfare of their subjects, or that since the native ruler had failed to produce a biological male heir to the throne, the territory was bound to â€Å"lapse† into British India upon the death of the ruler. The peace the company made to India helped undermine Indian society. In 1813, English Protestant missionaries were permitted by the company to come to India, establishing missions and schools among the Indian population. Increasingly British authority started to reform in India. For instance, William Bentinck who was governor general from 1833 to 1835 outlawed the practice of sati, by which a Hindu widow was burned on her dead husband’s funeral pyre. In the second of the 19th century, both the direct administration of India by the British crow and the technological change ushered in by the industrial revolution, had the effect of intertwining the economies of India and the Britain. Basically many of the important change in transport and communications had already begun before the Mutiny. The beginning of dispute between the company administration and the Indian governor-general came under the marquess of Dalhousie, who served from 1848 to 1856. He aggressively tried to increase lands under the company’s control by the doctrine of lapse that allowed the company to annex Indian principalities. So many points of friction culminated in a violent outbreak. According to the Revolt in Delhi and Its Afterlife written by Nayanjot Lahiri, in 1857, a sepoy mutiny broke out in Meerut, which was the headquarters of a division of the Bengal army. In less than a day, by the early hours of the morning of 11 May, the Meerut mutineers crossing the bridge of boats on the Yamuna river, reached Delhi. The garrison there, almost immediately, revolted, many British residents were massacred and Bahadur Shah ? , the Mughal king who resided in Helhi, accepted the nominal leadership of the rebellion. That was the start in the Sepoy Mutiny. The source of the Sepoy Mutiny, Sepoy Rebellion, was that The East India Company began recruiting native citizens as trios in 1667, in order to maintain control during their trading operations. In 1748, the British followed suit and began recruiting and training Indians to fight with their weaponry and methods. The Indian units were called â€Å"native sepoys† and became the largest part of the forces in India. After British had gained two-thirds of India’s land imperialism had begun to affect every part of Indian life, there was an incredible amount of tension that only needed a small spark to set off a huge revolt. The spark that came to begin the period of revolts was the introduction of new, more accurate breech-loading Enfield rifle. The first event was the bloody uprising at the garrison in Meerut, in which the mutineers murdered every European they found. Then they marched to Delhi and â€Å"placed themselves under the leadership of the impotent and bewildered Mogul Emperor Bahadur Shah†. The idea of rebellion spread through the Ganges valley, the Rajputna, Central India, and parts of Bengal. Then, Cawnpore had surrendered to Nana Sahib, and Lucknow, the only British-held outpost in Oudh, was besieged† and it was discovered that 200 European men, women, and children murderd a month earlier in the mutiny and siege at Cawnpore. Vengeance was swift and harsh: suspected mutineers were tied to cannons and executed. In six month, the mutiny had been broken, and, within the next year, British power was restored. In 1858, the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion, broke out. This was the huge threat posed to the British during the British India. At that time, they abolished the East India Company and replaced it with direct rule under the British. Large swathes of territory in the Gangetic plains had fallen to the rebel. Atrocities were conducted on both sides. British troops, which were units controlled by the East India Company and were paid for by their profis, recaptured Delhi in 1857 and the Emperor Mughals, Bahadur Shah, was put on trial for sedition and convicted. Finally the Rebellion had been crushed in 1858. The East India Company was disbanded by John Stuart Mill, the Commissioner of Correspondence at India House and the unacknowledged formulator of British policy with respect to the native states, furnished and elaborate but ultimately unsuccessful plea on behalf of the Company. Thus, India became a Crown colony of the British which governed directly by Paliament. Queen Victoria announced that she and her officers would work for the welfare of their Indian subjects. However there were some debates among Indians surrounding the policies like female education, widow remarriage, the age for marriage, the state of women, English education, the expansion of the government and more member of Indian joined government service. On the strength of that, there was a considerable increase in both English and Indian journalism and the Indian National Congress was founded in order that Indians who was educated well could gain a voice in the governance in India. But, they did not allow nationalist sentiments within the organization like the Congress. In 905, the British partitioned Bengal because it was the large size of the presidency and so provoked the first major resistance to British rule and administrative policies. During that time, Indians started many strategies of non violent resistance, boycott, strike and cooperation. Finally the British agreed to revoke the partition of Bengal. The partition attempted partly to divide with the Muslim area from Bengal which was Hindu and The capital in India was changed with Calcutta to Delhi. The railway was built by the British India government for military reasons and with the hope that it would stimulate industry. It was overbuilt and much too elaborate and expensive for the small amount of freight traffic it carried, The India railways system provided India with social savings of 9 percent of India’s national income. The Rowlatt Act that the British enacted to the Indian help in WWI allowed that the government could imprison anyone without a trial and a conviction. and thousands of people protested peacefully against the law and British troops coped with the protest by armored vehicle. As a result, more than thousands people, women and children, were massacred. The event also caused the non-cooperation movement against the British by Mathtma Ganhi in 1920 to 1942. Negotiations for some agreement with independence took place in 1930 in London. And finally, the British would grant India its independence. India got more deeply to effort the British during WWII. Also troops, the princely states donated substantial amounts of cash. By the end of the war, India had an incredible 2. 5 million man volunteer army. Approximately 8700 Indian soldier were killed in the war. As a result, the Indian independence movement was very strong by that time and the British rule was widely resented. 0000 Indian were recruited by the Germans and Japanese to fight against the Allies in exchange of their freedom. Indian fought in Burma, North Africa, Italy and so on. In 1946, there was a violent fighting broken out between Hindus and Muslims in Calcutta. And the trouble spread across India. The trouble flared again as independence approached and they agreed to divide India along sectatian lines. While Muslim areas in the north became the Pakistan, Hindu and Sikh stayed in India and by unprecedented horrors of partition, 500000 was killed and many women were abducted or raped. Finally it is true that the British made positive contributions to Indian life. During the British India, India inherited from the British their university, agriculture system and Industry but remains religious conflict. Social institutions like clubs and gymkhanas were a important factor of British. The Indian language was also developed well. The influential school of painting emerged in 19th century and can scarcely be understood without a reference to the creation of a modern market. In sports, cricket is the most famous in India. However, they also brought serious negative consequence with colonialism.

Romeo And Juliet - What Is Love? :: essays research papers

Has Shakespeare convinced you that Romeo and Juliet are in love at the end of act one? What is love? Love means a warm liking or affection for a person, affectionate devotion. Does the way Romeo describe Juliet sound like love to you? In my opinion love does not occur at first sight, it is something that you need to work towards. Romeo just describes Juliet’s beauty and not her inner-beauty. â€Å"Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear!† Romeo is just saying how beauty like that is too good for the earth. When Romeo says â€Å" O dear account! My life is my foe’s debt,† he is saying that his life and love is in the hands of an enemy! This is a very harsh statement to say considering he has never talked or meet Juliet Capulet. Think of Shakespeare’s choice of words and the way he incorporates them into the play. Do his choice and arrangement of words; make you think, about Romeo and Juliet’s love? If you thought Romeo was going to extremes wait until you hear about Juliet. Immediately after meeting Romeo, she tells the nurse â€Å"If he be married, my grave is likely to be my wedding-bed.† Juliet is saying that if she could not marry him she would rather be dead. Remember Juliet is saying this with out even knowing Romeo’s name. Juliet asks her nurse who that fine gentleman is, the nurse quickly replies â€Å"His name is Romeo, and a Montague; the only son of your great enemy.† Shakespeare makes you wonder if Romeo and Juliet are actually in love. Since this play was written 400 years ago, the world has changed significantly, but the emotions and way of thinking in this play have withstood the test of time. This is why movies, such as Romeo and Juliet in (1996) were so successful. Shakespeare's play and the movie showed they have many similarities and many differences, but one thing remains, they all use universal truths to relate to their audiences. As it stands, I do not believe that Romeo is in love with Juliet, but Juliet is in love with Romeo.

Evidence- Based Decision Making and Discovery

There is a history of information that has been compiled by health care professionals and sets guidelines for decision making done by health care professionals today. I Research Methods I Qualitative and quantitative research are two selecting research methods seed by scientists to collect and analyze date. Quantitative research is focused and objective research based on mathematics. Qualitative research looks at the whole picture, is subjective and collects data non-mathematically usually using symbolic representations.I Manuscript Organization I An organized manuscript allows the readers to understand and to be Informed of the Information In the easiest and clearest way possible. Manuscripts follow a general format that Includes an abstract, introduction, background, methodology, results and discussion, conclusions, acknowledgments, references, appendices, and tables and figures. The abstract is a summary of what the paper is about and discusses the processes and methods used. The introduction allows the reader to know what the paper is going to be about and why It Is important.The background fills the reader In on previous research and the study. Results and discussion is the part of the manuscript that discusses what the research found and what it means. The conclusion sums up the paper and recognizes advancements that have made because of the research done. The references portion of the paper is where all sources used are cited to give proper credit to publications that aided in the research. The appendices are additional methodologies that weren't included in the main paper but are important. Tables are used to show large amounts of dare and figures show illustrations.I Patients need to be provided the best care by their health care providers. Two aspects of providing this type of care focuses on evidence-based decision making and effective business planning. Evidence is so important in scientific discovery. Scientific ideas are tested based on evidence. The acceptance or rejection of an idea is based on the evidence that it relevant, not based on an opinion, or tradition. In order to have a scientific coverer the idea must be testable and actually be tested; evidence is what is used to test the ideas.With no evidence to a scientific idea be rejected and a discovery will not occur. Effective business planning is also a key in the process of scientific discoveries. Business planning needs to be centered on the evidence. Qualitative and quantitative research are two scientific research methods used by scientists to collect and analyze date. Quantitative research is focused and objective research based on mathematics. Qualitative research looks at the whole picture, is subjective, and elects data non-mathematically usually using symbolic representations.This evidence that the researchers gather is needed so that a discovery can be done by proving and disproving different hypotheses. It that the research stays within the budget availabl e and for this to be done effective business planning needs to be done as well. For the best care to be provided evidence-based decision making and business planning need to continue in order for advancements in the medical field to continue. There are numerous examples of evidenced based decision making and business planning throughout the history of the medical field.One example of a scientific discovery using evidence resulting from the experiment is Ernest Rutherford labs test to see if an atom's positive mass is spread out diffusely by firing an alpha particle beam through a piece of gold foil (Caldwell, 2008). In this experiment the evidence showed that the majority of the alpha particles bounced back in the opposite direction as if they struck something dense. If the alpha particles were not dense then they would have passed through the foil, so the evidence showed that the atoms positive charge was actually dense and located in its core or nucleus.

Assess the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay

There were many significant developments in policing which aided the effectiveness of law enforcement in Britain from the period of 1830 to 1965. Reasons as to why developments were necessary in this period; firstly between the years 1829 – 1850 there was a steady increase in crime[1]. Secondly as time progressed criminals came up with ways to beat the policing system, therefore it was necessary for policing in Britain to develop, in order to keep on top of crime. Development factors such as; the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force, passing of key legislation were key developments in policing which influenced law and order. Other developments such as the reformation of prisons and developments in technology, coupled with roles of individuals such as; Elizabeth Fry and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde, also contributed to the effectiveness of law enforcement in the 19th and 20th century. The first significant development in British policing, which notably advocated effective law enforcement was the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force in 1830. This was a significantly fundamental advancement in law enforcement as it was the first time in British history that an organised policing force was introduced and it updated the predated system of watchmen and bow street runners. However, the force was met with varying attitudes from the public, much of which was sensationalised by the media[2]. Other major Acts were implemented to support the Metropolitan police, especially forces outside of London, for example; the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. This was a significant development as it nationalised the police force therefore allowing effective law enforcement to take place throughout the country, unlike before where it was restricted to London[3]. However the effectiveness of these developments can be questioned, as police officers were often criticised for being drunks and bullies[4], therefore they were mistrusted by the general public. There were further attempts to nationalise the police force, such as the Rural Constabulary Act 1839. This was a significant development in law  enforcement as the legislation focused nationalising policing in rural areas. On the other hand, the enforcement of the Act was optional[5] thus limiting its effectiveness, as many boroughs were apprehensive of its creation. Nevertheless further legislation was pioneered in the form of the County and Borough Police Act of 1856, which saw every county having to acquire a professional police force[6]. The government encouraged the development and gave incentives such as; paying for clothing and wage to efficient police forces[7]. Officers therefore, would have felt a sense of duty to their jobs accurately as they had respectable positions. Additional legislation allowed the policing forces of Britain to develop into further branches, such as the establishment of the C.I.D in 1877 which investigated homicides. This development was pivotal as it loosened pressure on the Metropolitan police force and allowed a select force to focus on a case. However, the birth of the C.I.D incurred with the Turf Fraud Scandal, thus leaving the public suspicious and distrustful of the establishment. The C.I.D’s first major test came in the form of the Jack the Ripper Case in 1888[8], which instilled fear throughout the nation. Conversely the case was significant in another light, as police performance was repeatedly criticised for its incapability and slow work. Other cases such as The Arrest of Scotland Yard[9], did not help the detective forces as they were again shown as an inefficient and corruptive detectives. The development of the C.I.D also brought about the development of the Special Irish Branch in 1884, both which showed their significance as they foiled the assassination attempt of Queen Victoria at her Golden Jubilee in 1887[10]. This was a significant case as it showed the public that both, the C.I.D and the Special Branch were effective developments of law and order as cooperative work between forces ensured the protection of the Queen and thus the nation. It is apparent that other factors contributed in influencing effective law and order and not only developments in policing, for instance the reformation of prisons. Prisons in the 18th century have been criticised for their poor sanitation, poor food and living conditions. It was remarked that felons in Britain lived â€Å"worse than dogs or swine†[11]. Humanitarian Elizabeth Fry campaigned for the separation of women and children from male  prisoners, especially after she witnessed the appalling conditions in prisons[12]. Her work was promoted throughout the House of Commons and with the support of Sir Robert Peel; they introduced a series of prison reform including the Gaols Act 1823. This showed the strong public opinion on issues regarding law and order, especially as intervention of influential individuals was evident. By 1840 the government had recognised that prisons needed to be modernised, such as the Pentonville prison in 1842. Developments such as these meant that wardens could control prisons better and new regimes could be exercised, such as the separate system, where inmates were kept in solitary confinement from the beginning of their sentence. This development aided effective law and order as there were reported cases of reformed criminals, however the system sent many insane or led them to suicide, questioning the regime and the governments handling on the treatment of criminals. Furthermore, prisons had been nationalised in 1877[13], this coupled with the harsh regimes led to a steady fall in crime[14], proving the effectiveness of this development on law and order. Further legislation such as the Prison Act 1898, reasserted the idea of reformation as the main role in prison regimes. This led to a dilution of the separate system, the abolition of hard labour, and established the idea t hat prison labour should be productive. The argument of the reformation of prisons brought attention to young offenders. Transportation itself had ended in 1852, as reformists viewed it as a lenient punishment, however under the Reformation School Acts (1854); courts were allowed to send children for transportation[15] setting double standards within society, whilst historians argue that there were little, if any boundaries between children and adults[16]. The Children’s Act of 1908, established juvenile courts[17] and also banned prison sentences to those less than 14 years of age. This was significant in influencing effective law enforcement, as children were seen with sympathy and compassion. The legislation also showed that boundaries were being set for adults and children. During this period there was a general feeling that children were committing crime due to inadequate discipline and education at home, thus the Borstal System was introduced[18]. The main elements in the borstal programs included; education, regular work, vocational training, and group  counselling, however the Borstal System proved to be ineffective as 75% of inmates still re-offended[19] . Further developments came into fruition in the form of technology, which greatly influenced effective law and order. It has been argued that were being increasingly caught[20], for instance, advancements through the development of finger printing in 1901[21]. The development aimed to prevent criminals from concealing previous convictions. This development contributed to effective law and order as a database of criminals was created which the police could use as a reference for repeat offenders. Other tools which helped the police force included Radio telegraphy and the use of the 999 system in 1910. These developments influenced effective law and order as the police was able to communicate better with not only one another, but also with those in need of help. However the effect of the modernisation of the police force meant that there was increasing reliance on electronical and technological methods, thus alienating the average police man from his community[22]. It can be argued that the use of media had also affected the influence the effectiveness of law and order as public opinion had been influenced through the use of various Medias. The Oscar Wilde Case of 1895[23], exemplified how societies stereotypical immoralities i.e. homosexuality, could be used against someone in a court of law and order and convict them as a criminal. Other cases, for instance the Derek Bentley Case of 1952[24], showed further miscarriage of justice, as the wrong person was hung. This case was significant in influencing law and order as the media attention helped increase societies widespread doubt in the justice system. An added incentive that motivated the public’s change of attitude towards capital punishment and the miscarriage of justice was the Ruth Ellis Case of 1955[25]. It was evident from this case, that Ellis was did not receive the correct legal representation in court and the case was not thoroughly investigated. It was found out after the trial; Ellis was a victim of domestic violence, which could have been the cause for her crime of passion. These high profile cases strengthened the public’s resolve on the issue of the barbarity of capital punishment and the ever present fact that there was  no reprieve for those who were convicted and hung. This led to the profoundly significant changes in legislation which influenced effective law and order; the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act of 1965[26]. This was paramount in policing legislation as the death penalty was abolished. The abolition was a significant change in the 20th century as capital punishment was seen with much aversion both from the public and judges alike, who were especially reluctant to hand out death penalties. In conclusion developments within policing which significantly influenced effective law and order in the period 1830-1965 were vast and all had varying impact on society. Legislation such as the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 and the Rural Constabulary Act of 1839, ensured society was protected by an organised, efficient national police force. However officers were distrusted by the general public, therefore they had many hurdles to face before having a significant impact on society. However one cannot base the effectiveness of law and order within this period solely on developments in policing, as there were other contributory factors. For example; reformation of prisons through work of individuals such as Elizabeth Fry, the establishment of the C.I.D, technological developments such as finger printing and DNA sampling and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde. These developments greatly advanced effective law and order, as one can base the suggestion of decreasing crime rate during 1830-1965[27] on these as well as the developments in policing. Bibliography Books Trend of Crime 1750 – 1900 – Ian Dawson Crime and Punishment: A Study Across Time – Roger Whiting 1968 D.Taylor. ‘Crime, Policing, Punishment in England 1750-1914’ The Victorian Underworld, Donald Thomas 1998 Police and Prisons – P. F. Speed 1970 Crime and Punishment through time, John Murray History of Police in England and Wales – T. Crithchley 1978 Websites www.historyhome.co.uk www.learnhistory.org.uk www.parliament.uk/ www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_and_Borough_Police_Act_1856 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper#Investigation www.suite101.com/content/the-jubilee-plot-to-kill-queen-victoria-a290563 www.howardleague.org/index.php?id=elizabethfry www.howardleague.org/history-of-prison-system/ www.crimezzz.net/forensic_history/index.htm www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_wilde www.innocent.org.uk/cases/derekbentley/index.html www.stephwn-stratford.co.uk/ruth_ellis.htm www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/71/enacted

Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the consumption of fast food in children from an urban setting compared to those of a suburban setting. The sample consists of kids from kids in an urban environment as well as kids from a suburban environment. My first hypothesis concerns whether contextual variables of the setting influence the individuals choice when choosing what to eat. According to former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher, fast food restaurants crowd out access to healthier food in inner-city neighborhoods. Satcher also argues that fast food marketing in inner-city neighborhoods is comparable to overly aggressive tobacco marketing in inner-city neighborhoods during the 1990s. Mr. David Satcher said that â€Å" the situation is so bad that it should be called an epidemic among children. According to Northeastern University, â€Å"McDonald’s alone spent $1.1 billion on advertising in 2001; the government’s budget for a pro-fruit/vegetable campaign was $1.1 million.† (emphases added) People in the poorest urban areas have two and half times more exposure to fast food outlets than people in the wealthiest category. The fast food industry may also exert undue influence on children, regardless of their social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds: According to CBS News, â€Å"the highest levels of fast-food consumption were found in youngsters with higher household income levels, boys, older children, blacks and children living in the South.† â€Å"Every day, nearly one-third of U.S. children aged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity, a study of 6,212 youngsters found.† According to Consumer Reports, â€Å"[a]-not-yet published 15-year study from Harvard Medical School of more than 3,700 young adults from across the country found that eating fast food more than twice a week increased the risk of obesity by about 50 percent for white... Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption Free Essays on Fast Food Consumption The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the consumption of fast food in children from an urban setting compared to those of a suburban setting. The sample consists of kids from kids in an urban environment as well as kids from a suburban environment. My first hypothesis concerns whether contextual variables of the setting influence the individuals choice when choosing what to eat. According to former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher, fast food restaurants crowd out access to healthier food in inner-city neighborhoods. Satcher also argues that fast food marketing in inner-city neighborhoods is comparable to overly aggressive tobacco marketing in inner-city neighborhoods during the 1990s. Mr. David Satcher said that â€Å" the situation is so bad that it should be called an epidemic among children. According to Northeastern University, â€Å"McDonald’s alone spent $1.1 billion on advertising in 2001; the government’s budget for a pro-fruit/vegetable campaign was $1.1 million.† (emphases added) People in the poorest urban areas have two and half times more exposure to fast food outlets than people in the wealthiest category. The fast food industry may also exert undue influence on children, regardless of their social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds: According to CBS News, â€Å"the highest levels of fast-food consumption were found in youngsters with higher household income levels, boys, older children, blacks and children living in the South.† â€Å"Every day, nearly one-third of U.S. children aged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity, a study of 6,212 youngsters found.† According to Consumer Reports, â€Å"[a]-not-yet published 15-year study from Harvard Medical School of more than 3,700 young adults from across the country found that eating fast food more than twice a week increased the risk of obesity by about 50 percent for white...

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Determinants of plasma retinol and beta-carotene levels - Statistics Project Example The property of mean that included magnitude and rank of all data in a set informed the application. Non-parametric test for comparison of median of plasma beta-carotene confirms significance of the difference and establishes reliability. The test analyses the same hypothesis, narrowed down to the following hypothesis, based on median. The graphs show a similar distribution, based on skewedness, and suggest a relationship between the two variables. The suggested relationship is, further, positive because of the symmetry. Correlation analysis results, however, undermines possible relationship as shown in the following table. The table confirms insignificance of the possible relationship between the two variables (p= 0.205> 0.005, F= 1.612). The t-test result for the regression coefficient also shows the results, based on table 6. The results identify a significant relationship between plasma beta-carotene and vitamin use, a significant relationship between plasma retinol and age and sex, but no significant relationship exist between plasma retinol and plasma

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Writing the result section of a research paper - Statistics Project Example With regard to the distance walked without an assistive device, the mean distance covered in meters was 283.3 while the mean of the distance covered with an assistive device being 296.63.The mean for VAS 1 was 55.3 while the mean for VAS 2 was 43.43 The question relates to the use of paired sample T-Test and aims to answer the question â€Å"Is walking with the device less fatiguing than walking without the device? .This is achieved by comparing the VAS instead of 6 MWT distance. Chart 1 shows the mean differences of VAS. As shown in chart 1, the mean fatigue for the 6MWT distance for subjects without an assistive device is higher (55.0) compared to the one for those with an assistive device (43.43).This result points out that it is less fatiguing to walk with the assistive device because the p value following the paired sample T-test for VAS is significant at 0.00.Again this is below the 0.05 significance level. The second question to be answered is â€Å"Did the subjects walk further with assistive device? and the task also requires the use of a paired sample T-test. A paired sample T-test comparison points out that the mean distance covered with an assistive device is higher compared to that covered with a non assistive device(as shown in table 1). The P value got from the paired sample T-test is 0.03 and it is considered significant for it is below the 0.05 level. The means for distance 1(without an assistive device) and distance 2 (with an assistive device) are 283.30 and 296.63 respectively. The percentage difference of these means is shown in chart 2

Identify The Needs And Expectation Of Individual Stakeholder Management Essay

Identify The Needs And Expectation Of Individual Stakeholder Management Essay Organizations change constantly, a projects stakeholder set will change as stakeholder change roles within the organization, move into different roles or leave the organization to take up roles in other organizations. For whatever reason, the ability of individual stakeholder to influence the project may increase or decrease. Most project management methodologies define ways to identify project stakeholder, and then base their entire communications strategies on this initial, and only, identification. Many projects fail because stakeholders do not continue to support the vision or objectives of the project. In many cases this is because the team does not recognize changes in the relative power or position of key stakeholder and fails to make appropriate adjustments in their stakeholder management activities. This study reported upon in this paper is focused on support for project managers in building and maintaining relationships with project stakeholder. This is accomplished through using a practical methodology that allows the project team to identify and priorities the projects stakeholder and then stakeholders needs of the project to develop an appropriate relationship management strategy. The underlying assumption for this research is the stakeholder management is extremely difficult, the project manager and his/her project team members must identify, engage and sustain relationships with a diverse set of groups and individuals (including themselves) who can impact the project in many ways. STAKEHOLDER According to Freemans (1984: pg.25 and pg 26) stakeholder view of the firm instrumentally defines a stakeholder as Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the firms objectives and he suggested that there is a need for integrated approaches for dealing with multiple stakeholder on multiple issues While Freeman framed and demarcated stakeholder as elements of corporate strategic planning. Stakeholders are persons or group who are directly or indirectly affected by a project, as well as those who may have interest in a project and/or the ability to influence its outcome, either positively, or negatively. Stakeholders may include locally affected communities or individuals and their formal and informal representatives, national or local government authorities, politicians, religious leaders, civil society organizations and groups with special interests, the academic community, or other business. The stake that each of these different individuals or groups has in project or investment will vary, for example, there may be people directly affected by the potential environmental or social impacts of a project. Others may be resident in another country altogether, but wish to communicate their concerns or suggestions to the project company. Then there are those who might have great influence over the project, such as government regulators, political or religious leaders, and others active in the local community. There are also stakeholders who, because of their knowledge or stature, can contribute positively, for example, by acting as an honest broker in mediation relationships. TYPES OF STAKEHOLDER Stakeholder is classified as being either internal or external to the firm. They are either part of the business itself, or are influenced by it. There are many groups who are stakeholders inside and outside of a firm who have an interest in its operation, and obviously its survival. The diagram below shows the different stakeholders. Internal stakeholders: are (ones from within an organization) individual, group or business with a vested interest (a stake) in the success of an organization is considered to be a stakeholder. A stakeholder will generally be someone who is concerned with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives External stakeholders: are (outside organization) individuals, group or business with a vested interest (a stake) in the success of an organization is considered to be a stakeholder. A stakeholder will generally be someone who is concerned with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives. From the table below, Internal stakeholders may have different objectives and level of risk. Stakeholder Objective Risk Shareholders (may be companies not people) Dividend income Small, if investment is part of the portfolio of shares owned. Directors executive Income and power Higher, but may have many directorships, and savings. Directors non-executive Many, depending why they are there. Gives some income. May well be small, smaller than that of executive directors. Managers Income Higher than Directors but lower than that of workers. Workers Continuation of job. Earnings to pay the cost of living High. No job = no income. Jobs may be hard to get. THE IMPORTANCE OF STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders are those groups, individuals, and parties that are directly affected by the practices of an organization and therefore have a stake in the organizations performance. Some of the common stakeholders in an organization are customers, employees, investors, suppliers, local communities, etc. one of the importance of stakeholders is that a stakeholder can provide feedback to a companys performance. The critical importance of stakeholder engagement and alignment of their goals and vision has been well established (Cooke-Davies 2000, Christensen and Walker 2003). By providing more project manager with a methodology and a tool to better visualize stakeholder potential impact, it is possible to ensure a greater set of potential responses of project manager to the environment they need to operate in (Cooke-Davies 2000, p 211) Stakeholder engagement is a formal process of relationship management through which companies, industries or project engage with a set of stakeholder in an effort to align their mutual interest, to reduce risk and to advance the organizations economic advantage. Manila Water Company Organizational Point of view: (e.g.) From its inception in 1997, Manila Water Company in the Philippians has sought to have a proactive and open relationship with its stakeholders, including customers, local NGOs and government. Good stakeholder relationship are viewed as being fundamental to the core business of the company, which is to provide clean, safe water and sewage services to approximately half of manilas population. When Manila Water acquired the east concession from the government operator, it launched a walk the line program in which all company staff from managers to district level representatives visit their customers, including residents of informal settlements, to consult with them on the delivery of these essential services to their community. As a result of this engagement and other initiatives, Manila Water has significantly improved its service delivery. Between 2004 and 2006, the percentage of household having a 24-hour water supply jumped from 26% to 95%. At t he same time, water losses from the system were reduced from 63% to 35.5%. From 325,000 households served at start of 2004, there were more than 1,000,000 in 2006, including over 848,000 urban poor. The companys proactive stakeholder engagement strategy has also led to a number of partnerships that have benefited local communities, including housing reconstruction for habitat for humanity and micro-financing to start small business through the bank of Philippine islands. Manila Water has established engagement plans for key NGO stakeholders, the media, and investors that include quarterly dialogues and visits to the companys sustainable development and community projects. HOW TO ENGAGE AND MANAGE STAKEHOLDER STRATEGY Stakeholder engagement can improve long-term viability and benefits significantly by improving decision-making, understanding and accountability (Hughes and Demetrius, 2006, p.95) Due to the size and scale of our company, as well as the nature of our business, ConocoPhillips stakeholders have unique and evolving expectations. We proactively engage with them to learn their expectations of us, and then incorporate what we learn into our business plans and actions. This process fosters an environment of trust and mutual respect. Through work with industry associations, participation in multi-sector forums, and dialogue with socially responsible investors, were gaining diverse and valuable perspectives as we continuously improve our sustainable development programs and initiatives. ConocoPhillips stakeholder engagement activities are an integral part of the sustainable development commitments. The major businesses have engagement strategies which vary according to the nature of the local community. In dispersed communities, it identifies key stakeholders and engages with them face-to-face to ensure that the activities are understood and that could consider the feedback. In regions where there are opportunities to bring local stakeholders together, they work with multi-stakeholder groups in a similar way. Proactively identify and seek out key stakeholders early in the business endeavour.à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Include these key stakeholders in the design and implementation of the engagement process. Listen in order to understand stakeholders interests, concerns and culture. Communicate openly. Seek solutions that create mutually beneficial business and engagement approaches that also build long-term value for both the company and our stakeholders. Follow through on our commitments and stand accountable for the results, both internally and externally. We engage with stakeholders in variety of ways, for example: Customers: by carrying out a regular customer satisfaction surveys and review feedback from a range of third party surveys. Also to give customers the opportunity to provide feedback directly to stores and via customer service helps line. Employees: by having an open and honest corporate culture, and carrying out regular employee satisfaction surveys. Suppliers: by having a regular communication with its suppliers Communities and NGOs: by engaging with a wide range of local, national and international associations, organizations and NGOs, and local and national government, the municipalities of the communities they serve. Shareholder: by participating in various road shows for socially responsible investment (RSI), at which multinational investors are present. Stakeholders have important and sometimes different priorities. As an organization, there is a need to identify the key stakeholder that is relevant to the business organization activities. And these are the customers, employees, suppliers, communities, NGOs, and shareholders. Many stakeholder engagement activities currently occur at operating level; there is always a plan to aim at an increase activities at group level and also to discuss the progress of the business and implement a future strategy. Benefits of stakeholder engagement Stakeholder benefits Company benefits Reputation Reputation Innovation employee motivation and competence project outputs competitive advantage/innovation access to resources risk management social capital (networks, local knowledge) social capital (networks, local knowledge) Competitive advantage/innovation Several companies supported the view that stakeholder engagement can help create a competitive advantage (Porter and Kramer, 2002; Harting et al, 2006). One respondent noted that weve gone 100% Fair-trade on our bananas and have committed to do the same with tea big strategic changes like that take a lot of planning and create real points of difference that are difficult to copy (Sainsburys). Engaging stakeholders has also been seen as a way of inspiring business innovation: were a big business but we dont have all the answers its good to listen to other people and develop new solutions Marks Spencer DESCRIBE THE ROLES 0F THE DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS BY ANALYSISNG DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES Commonly cited techniques for informing deliberation through stakeholder involvement Public hearings: Regulated, formal arrangements for times and places at which members of the general public and other types of stakeholders can give evidence or question public authorities about decisions under consideration. Deliberative polling: Like opinion polling, but collects views after persons have been introduced to the issue and have thought about it. Meant to give an indication of what people would think if they had the time and information to consider the issue (instead of reacting cold). Includes a feedback session, sometimes with a high media profile (e.g. broadcast by television along with documentary inserts) Focus groups: Small groups of invited or recruited persons discuss a theme or proposal; provides insight on their reactions, values, concerns and perspectives, and an indication of how group dynamics influence opinions. Citizen advisory groups: Small groups of persons who represent various interests or expertise (e.g. community leaders) meet on a regular or ad hoc basis to discuss concerns and provide informed input. Consultative groups: Forums that call together key representatives of civil society (NGOs and CSOs), economic and political spheres, to make policy recommendations and to improve the ongoing dialogue between these actors Nominal group process: A structured group interaction technique designed to generate a prioritized list of high-quality ideas within two hours or less. It is particularly helpful for setting goals, defining obstacles, and gathering creative responses to a particular question. Multi-actor policy workshops: Small groups mixing key stakeholders and technical experts, aimed at collecting a range of viewpoints on what are the important question raised by the dialogue issue. These may allow an innovative view of the problem to emerge, along with new approaches to its solution. It is not necessary or practical to engage with all stakeholder groups with the same level of intensity all of the time. Being clear on whom you are engaging with and why will save both time and money. This requires prioritizing your stakeholders and, depending on who they are and what their interests are, figuring out the most appropriate ways to engage. Stakeholder analysis will assist in this prioritization by assessing the significance of the project to each stakeholder group from their perspective, and vice versa. It is important to keep in mind that the project is dynamic and that both stakeholders and their interests might change over time. For example, some stakeholders will be more affected by a particular stage of a project. You may now have a long list of people and organizations that are affected by your project. Some of these may have the power either to block or advance it. Some may be interested in what you are doing, others may not care. You can map out your stakeholders on a Power/Interest Grid as shown in Figure 1, and classify them by their power over and interest in project. Power/Interest Grid for Stakeholder Prioritisation For example, your boss is likely to have high power and influence over your projects and high interest. Your family may have high interest, but are unlikely to have power over it. The position on the grid shows you the actions you have to take with the stakeholder: High power, high interest: these are the stakeholders you must fully engage with, and make the greatest efforts to satisfy. High power, less interest: put enough work in with these stakeholders to keep them satisfied, but not so much that they become bored with your message. Low power, high interest: keep these stakeholders adequately informed, and talk to them to ensure that no major issues are arising. These stakeholders can often be very helpful with the detail of your project. Low power, less interest: monitor these stakeholders but do not bore them with excessive communication. Internal stakeholders: Directors: may be executive or non-executive ones. They are appointed by the shareholders to look after their interest. Shareholders: are the owners of plcs (public limited companies) or private limited companies. Managers: will include the executive directors. When they are running the company they are managers. Essentially managers are the [people within a firm responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals and monitoring their work. Worker: These are all the non-managerial/supervisory people that work in a firm. External stakeholder Central government: firms supply the central government with a large part of its income. They can influence their decisions, though, especially if they are large and powerful. Locality: firms create employment and income for the community. Employees spend in shops etc. creating more jobs. There is a multiplying effect from this income. They may cause pollution and other problems causing potential conflict of interest. Pressure groups: this may b e stakeholders if they are affected directly or indirectly by the actions of a firm. Local communities, for instance, may form a pressure group to prevent a firm from expanding its premises or even setting up in the first place. Customers: customers have an obvious interest in the survival and efficiency of the firm. They want the product at the best price and quality possible. Suppliers: suppliers have an obvious interest in the survival and efficiency of the firm. They want the product to sell so they get the orders from materials etc. Competitors: competitors have an interest in the survival of the firm. Its failure may help them (more market share available), but so may their survival. (Monopoly markets are not as good as they seem. New technology firm need competitors to help with the marketing and market development.) Local government: films are part of the locality so interface with the government. They supply income (business tax) and need services. (Planning, health, fire, police) Also, Secondary stakeholders may play key roles in managing conflict by: Information gathering and analysis providing technical support, obtaining or advising on information, participating in the search for views on possible solutions, or increasing the acceptability of various outcomes; Advocacy working alongside weaker parties to build a transparent process, or helping the wider political arena to work towards greater equity; Intermediating acting as mediators between other conflicting groups; Monitoring and enforcement ensuring compliance with agreements by helping to enforce any that are broken. Secondary stakeholders can be effectively involved without including them directly in formal negotiations. For example, they can take part in focus group meetings, advisory or working groups, surveys or interviews, and community meetings. USE RACI ANALYSIS TO CLEARIFY STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND TECHNIQUE: by Value Based Management.net Last updated Apr 17th, 2012 RACI Analysis: The RACI model is a relatively straightforward tool that can be used for identifying roles and responsibilities during an organizational change process. After all, transformation processes do not process themselves; people have to do something to make the process happen. Therefore it is useful to describe what should be done by whom to make a transformation process happen. Instead of the term RACI, sometimes also the terms RASCI or RASIC are used. RASCI is an abbreviation for: R= Responsible owns the problem or project A= to whom R is Accountable who must sign off (approve) on work before it is effective S = can be Supportive can provide resources or can play a supporting role in implementation C= to be consulted has information and/or capability necessary to complete the work I= to be Informed must be notified of results, but need not to be consulted The techniques is typically supported by an RACI chart (see figure) which helps to dearly discuss, agree and communicate the roles and responsibilities. Typical steps in a RACL process: Identify all the processes / activities involved. Identify all of the roles. Identify who has the RASCI for each process. Every process should preferably have one and only one R as a general principle. Resolve overlaps. Resolve gaps. Responsibility matrix that helps to clarify the who-does-what on the virtual team.   While working with a team recently I realized that RACI is often confused with a similar tool called a stakeholder analysis.   Whats a stakeholder?   In the case of telework, a stakeholder is any individual, group or organization that can have a significant impact on or can be significantly impacted by the telework initiative.   A stakeholder analysis is a process to align the political aspects of the organization  to the needs and goals of telework.   The success of a telework program can be influenced by many factors.   As many studies have pointed out, some of the biggest hurdles in telework are management resistance, organizational culture, and communication.   A stakeholder analysis can help overcome these barriers by forcing the implementation team to identify all the potential parties and individuals that can positively or negatively influence the initiative and then develop strategies to align those stakeholders. Creating a stakeholder analysis is simple.   Heres how to do it step by step: First, identify the individuals or groups that qualify as stakeholders (you can list them in the first column).   Next, identify whether they are resistant, supportive, or neutral in regards to the telework implementation.   I have colored coded mine (red, green, yellow) to make it stand out more.   Some teams like to use a scale of 1 5 to add in categories of very resistant to very supportive. In this step you will identify the issues or reasons that explain the stakeholders position.   If they are resistant, why are they resistant? Once the team labels the stakeholders position, they can use the same scale described in Step 2 to list where they need the stakeholder to be.   This step will help you prioritize where to focus some of your communication and change management efforts.   For example, you may have stakeholders that are neutral to the initiative but they are not vital stakeholders and as long as they are not resistant, then there is no need to focus on them.   Lastly, for the stakeholders the team needs to align, the team can identify the specific strategies to employ to get them onboard.   Additional columns can be added to assign specific team members to the strategies and due dates. So whats the difference between the stakeholder analysis and a RACI?   Both are living documents and can be used to help increase intra-organization communication.   However, the RACI is typically used to determine who-does-what while the stakeholder analysis helps get various people or organizations onboard with the initiative.   Like the RACI, there are may variations to the stakeholder analysis.   Some practitioners like to add an additional column to help prioritize stakeholders, such as level of impact the stakeholder might have.   Other matrices can be get more elaborate by adding additional columns for identifying root causes to certain issues or specifics of the communication plan (i.e. frequency, medium, etc.).   My advice is to keep it simple.   The intent, not the table, is what is important.   Successful telework implementations depend on managing a number of stakeholders.   Getting them aligned at the onset and keeping them onboard is key and can be done with a little forethought. Analysis for each stakeholder: Are there too many Rs:  Does one stakeholder have too much of the project assigned to them? No empty cells:  Does the stakeholder need to be involved in so many of the activities? Can Responsible be changed to Consulted, or Consulted changed to Informed? I.e., are there too many cooks in this kitchen to keep things moving? (And if so, what does that say about the culture within which this project is being managed?) Buy-in:  Does each stakeholder totally agree with the role that they are specified to play in this version of the model? When such agreement is achieved, that should be included in the projects charter and documentation. Analysis for each PLC step or deliverable: No Rs:  Who is doing the work in this step and getting things done? Whose role is it to take the initiative? Too many Rs:  Is this another sign of too many cooks in this kitchen to keep things moving? No As:  Who is Accountable? There must be one A for every step of the PLC. One stakeholder must be Accountable for the thing happening the buck stops with this person. More than one A:  Is there confusion on decision rights? Stakeholders with accountability have the final say on how the work should be done and how conflicts are resolved. Multiple As invite slow and contentious decision-making. Every box filled in:  Do all the stakeholders really need to be involved? Are there justifiable benefits in involving all the stakeholders, or is this just covering all the bases? A lot of Cs:  Do all the stakeholders need to be routinely Consulted, or can they be kept Informed and raise exceptional circumstances if they feel they need to be Consulted? Too many Cs in the loop really slows down the project. Are all true stakeholders included in this model:  Sometimes this is more of a challenge to ensure, as its an error of omission. This is often best addressed by a steering committee or management team.